# Plain Language Summary: Restoring Judicial Separation of Powers Act

This bill fundamentally restructures how federal court cases are handled by removing most cases from the Supreme Court and redirecting them to a new special court panel. Instead of cases going directly to the Supreme Court as they do now, they would first go to the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit or to a newly created 13-judge panel made up of judges randomly selected from courts across the country. This change would dramatically reduce the Supreme Court's workload and decision-making power over major federal issues.

The bill creates a special rotating panel of 13 judges—one randomly selected from each of the 12 regional appeals courts plus one from the D.C. Circuit—that would handle cases involving the federal government, constitutional questions, and federal law interpretation. This panel would serve for one year at a time and would need a supermajority of at least 10 judges (70 percent) to agree before striking down any law as unconstitutional. The bill also restricts "nationwide injunctions," which are court orders that stop the government from enforcing a law everywhere in the country. Under this bill, such cases would be transferred to the D.C. Circuit Court, potentially consolidating multiple similar cases into one proceeding rather than having different judges in different parts of the country issue conflicting orders.

Additionally, the bill requires courts to publish written explanations whenever they reverse a lower court's decision, making their reasoning public rather than issuing decisions without explanation. For everyday people, this means major federal cases—whether about healthcare, environmental regulations, voting rights, or other national policies—would be decided by a broader group of judges rather than nine Supreme Court justices, and it would be harder to strike down laws since a supermajority would be required instead of a simple majority.