The Farmers Feeding America Act would change how SNAP benefits (food stamps) can be used by requiring that people can only buy American-grown and American-made food products with their benefits. Specifically, food must be grown in the U.S. and processed or manufactured here with at least 51% of ingredients from domestic sources. The bill includes some flexibility—if a particular food isn't available in sufficient quantities or quality in America, or if buying only American products would create an unfair burden on low-income families due to cost or regional availability, the Secretary of Agriculture can grant exemptions. The government would maintain and regularly update a list of these exempted foods.

Grocery stores that accept SNAP benefits would be required to make reasonable efforts to stock American food products and report on their compliance efforts to the Department of Agriculture. Stores that don't comply could face warnings, be required to make changes, or in serious cases, lose their ability to accept SNAP benefits. The bill also calls for a public education campaign to inform both SNAP recipients and retailers about these new requirements, and requires an annual review to measure how well the law is working and whether adjustments are needed. The law would take effect one year after being passed to give stores time to adjust their inventory and operations.