Jaime's Law extends background check requirements to ammunition purchases, not just firearms. Currently, federal law requires background checks when someone buys a gun from a licensed dealer, but there's no similar requirement for ammunition. This bill closes that gap by requiring that ammunition transfers go through licensed dealers who must conduct background checks, just like they do for firearms.

Here's how it works in practice: If you want to buy ammunition from a gun store, the dealer will need to run a background check on you first, similar to buying a gun. However, the law includes several exceptions so it doesn't apply to everything. Family members can give each other ammunition as gifts, law enforcement and military can transfer ammunition in the course of their duties, and people can share ammunition at shooting ranges or while hunting without a background check. If someone is borrowing ammunition temporarily to prevent an emergency, that's also allowed.

The bill does place some limits on how the law gets enforced. Licensed dealers can charge a fee to handle the background check process, but the government can't require them to do these transfers or keep special records beyond what they already keep. The law also explicitly states it won't create a national ammunition registry and won't interfere with state laws on the same topic. The changes take effect 180 days after the bill becomes law.