This bill strengthens U.S. efforts to hold China accountable for what it describes as genocide and human rights abuses against Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities in China's Xinjiang region. The law expands existing sanctions by requiring the President to identify not just individuals responsible for abuses, but also any foreign companies that knowingly help them by providing goods, services, or technology. It adds new categories of abuse to track, including forced sterilization, organ harvesting, and forced separation of children from parents.

The bill also bans seven specific Chinese companies—including the surveillance company Hikvision and the social media platform ByteDance—from doing business with the U.S. government unless they can prove they're not complicit in human rights abuses. It prevents the U.S. military and federal agencies from buying seafood from China, citing concerns about forced labor in processing facilities. The law authorizes funding to help survivors of these abuses who have fled China receive medical care and psychological support, and it directs the State Department to counter Chinese propaganda about these issues.

Additionally, the bill requires the government to investigate forced organ harvesting in Xinjiang, compile information about American citizens detained there, and examine whether the U.S. government has inadvertently purchased seafood processed using forced labor. The law essentially tightens existing restrictions on Chinese entities and products suspected of involving human rights abuses, while directing more resources toward documenting these abuses and supporting survivors.