This bill creates a new rule to help veterans who were stationed at the Pentagon during the 9/11 attacks get disability benefits more easily. Specifically, it covers veterans who worked at the Pentagon between September 11, 2001, and November 19, 2001.

Normally, when veterans apply for disability benefits, they have to prove that their health condition was caused by their military service. This bill changes that requirement for certain illnesses. Instead, it says that if a covered veteran develops any of these conditions—asthma, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tracheomalacia, any type of cancer, cardiovascular disease, skin disease, or respiratory disease—the government will automatically assume it was caused by their service at the Pentagon. Veterans won't have to provide medical evidence linking their illness to their time there.

The bill is named after Susan E. Lukas, presumably someone affected by toxic exposure at the Pentagon during the 9/11 response. The reasoning behind this is that people working at the Pentagon during the cleanup and recovery efforts after the attacks were likely exposed to harmful substances and toxins in the air and debris. Rather than making each veteran prove this connection individually, the law presumes the connection exists, making it faster and easier for them to receive the benefits and healthcare they're entitled to.