# Plain Language Summary: Farewell to Foam Act of 2023

This bill would ban the sale and use of expanded polystyrene foam—commonly known as Styrofoam—in three main categories starting January 1, 2026. The ban covers foam food containers (like takeout boxes, cups, and clamshells), foam packing peanuts used in shipping, and foam coolers. Food service providers like restaurants, cafeterias, and grocery stores would be prohibited from using foam containers for serving or packaging food. Manufacturers, distributors, and retailers would be banned from selling or distributing these foam products. The only exception is foam containers specifically designed to ship medications, medical devices, or biological products—those would still be allowed since they serve a critical health function.

The bill gives businesses about two years to transition away from foam products before the ban takes effect. For enforcement, the EPA would first issue a written warning for a first violation. After that, companies would face escalating fines: $250 for a second violation, $500 for a third, and $1,000 for any violations after that. However, smaller businesses—those with less than $1 million in annual revenue—can only be fined once per week, and small manufacturers or distributors (under $5 million in revenue) have the same protection. This means the penalties are designed to be gentler on small businesses while still encouraging compliance.

The practical impact would be significant for everyday consumers and businesses. Restaurants and food vendors would need to switch to alternative materials like paper, cardboard, or compostable containers for takeout and delivery. Shoppers would notice changes in how groceries and online purchases are packaged. The bill aims to reduce plastic waste in landfills and oceans, since foam takes hundreds of years to decompose and breaks into tiny particles that harm wildlife. Businesses would face upfront costs to find and purchase alternative packaging materials, though this could be offset by potential long-term environmental benefits and reduced waste management costs.