This bill creates a new review board within the FDA to examine food additives that were declared safe before 2000 under a process called GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe). Right now, food manufacturers can declare substances safe on their own without FDA approval, as long as the substance was in use before certain dates. This bill says the FDA needs to take a closer look at those old declarations to make sure they still hold up with modern science.

The review board will include officials from the FDA, Department of Agriculture, and EPA, plus an academic toxicology expert and a food industry representative. Food manufacturers will have 90 days to tell the board which substances they've declared safe. The board will then sort these substances into three priority levels—with the most concerning ones reviewed first—and examine whether the evidence still supports calling them safe. If the board finds problems, it can recommend that the FDA revoke the safety designation. When that happens, manufacturers get 180 days to provide new scientific evidence proving the substance is actually safe, or they'll have to stop using it and recall products containing it. The entire review process is set to take up to 10 years, with the most urgent substances reviewed within 2 years.