The PASTEUR Act creates a new federal program to encourage pharmaceutical companies to develop new antibiotics and antifungal drugs to fight dangerous drug-resistant infections. Here's how it works: The government will offer contracts to companies that develop qualifying antimicrobial drugs—specifically those that treat pathogens identified as urgent or serious threats by the CDC, or that address unmet medical needs. Companies can apply for these contracts within two years of getting FDA approval for their drug. If approved, the government will make annual payments to the company ranging from $75 million to $300 million per year (adjusted for inflation), but these payments are reduced by whatever revenue the company makes from selling the drug. In exchange, companies must keep their drugs available on the market, maintain adequate supply, track and report resistance data, educate healthcare providers and patients about proper use, and follow environmental best practices in manufacturing. The program is designed to solve a real problem: antibiotics are expensive to develop but don't generate huge profits because they're used for short periods, so companies have little incentive to invest in new ones. By guaranteeing government payments, this bill aims to make developing new antibiotics financially viable. The bill also funds programs to help hospitals and clinics use antibiotics more wisely to slow the development of resistance, and requires better tracking of how antibiotics are being used across the country.