This bill creates new rules to protect patients from medical debt and help them manage hospital bills. Starting in 2028, hospitals that accept Medicare must offer financial assistance to patients who can't afford care, clearly explain their charity care policies, and screen patients to see if they qualify for help before sending bills. Hospitals also face strict limits on how aggressively they can collect medical debt—they can't put liens on homes, garnish wages, or sell debt to collection agencies unless specific conditions are met. If a patient's household income is below 250% of the poverty line, hospitals can't charge interest or sell the debt at all. The bill also creates a new federal grant program to help nonprofits buy and forgive medical debt for people whose medical bills are crushing them financially—either because the debt equals 5% or more of their income, or because their household income is below 400% of the poverty line. The government will fund this program with $100 million in 2027 and will monitor hospitals to make sure they're following these new rules.