This bill creates new criminal and civil penalties targeting private equity firms and other investors who acquire healthcare companies and extract profits while the companies deteriorate. If a healthcare company experiences serious financial trouble—like missing payroll for 25% of workers for over 90 days, closing down, defaulting on loans, or filing for bankruptcy—the law allows the government to claw back (recover) compensation that executives and investors received from the company over the preceding or following 10 years. People can face 1 to 6 years in prison and civil penalties up to 5 times the clawed-back amount. The bill also prevents healthcare providers from selling assets to or using assets as collateral with real estate investment trusts (REITs), blocks certain tax breaks for REIT subsidiaries in healthcare, and requires hospitals and health systems to report detailed information about their ownership structure, debt, real estate deals, and investor payments. Finally, it directs a government study on how profit-driven practices in healthcare—like aggressive billing, staff cuts, and insurance denials—harm patients and healthcare workers.