This bill expands U.S. sanctions authority to target foreign countries whose officials or agents develop or distribute fentanyl and fentanyl precursors, treating these activities similarly to chemical and biological weapons violations. Currently, the U.S. can only sanction countries for developing actual chemical or biological weapons. This bill adds a new category called "covered acts" that includes fentanyl-related activities that harm other countries. The bill is specifically aimed at China, which the U.S. government has accused of allowing fentanyl precursors to be manufactured and shipped to criminal organizations in North America. When the President determines that a foreign government official has committed a covered act, he must impose immediate sanctions including suspending scientific cooperation, banning exports of sensitive technology, and prohibiting purchases from that country's chemical and biological sectors. If the country doesn't adequately address the problem within 120 days, the President must impose additional severe sanctions like cutting foreign aid and blocking most exports. After 210 days, if the country still hasn't complied, the President can freeze all financial transactions involving that country. Countries can get sanctions lifted after one year if they address the problem, provide information to the U.S., and take steps to prevent future violations.