This bill makes health care fraud a much more serious crime by significantly increasing the penalties for people who commit it. Right now, if someone defrauds a health care program, they can face up to 10 years in prison and fines of $100,000. This bill would increase those prison sentences to 25 years and fines to $250,000. For the most serious cases involving federal health care programs like Medicare and Medicaid, the maximum prison sentence would jump from 20 years to 30 years. The bill also increases penalties for related crimes, like making false statements to health care programs—fines would go from $20,000 to $100,000 for those offenses. Additionally, the bill directs the U.S. Sentencing Commission to review and update the guidelines judges use when sentencing people convicted of health care fraud. The commission must make sure the new guidelines reflect how serious these crimes are, consider factors like how much money was stolen and whether patients were harmed, and ensure sentences are tough enough to deter others from committing fraud. These changes apply to any health care fraud that happens after the bill becomes law.