This bill makes it much harder to prosecute people under the Espionage Act—the law that makes it illegal to share classified information. Right now, the government can charge someone if they have any reason to believe they might harm national security. This bill changes that by requiring prosecutors to prove the person had a specific intent to either injure the United States or help a foreign country. It also limits who can be prosecuted: only people who officially received classified information, signed a secrecy agreement, and were authorized by the President or a department head to have that information. The bill also creates two important protections. First, people accused under these laws can testify about why they shared the information. Second, it creates an affirmative defense—meaning you can admit you shared classified information but argue it was justified because you were exposing illegal activity, constitutional violations, gross mismanagement, waste of government funds, abuse of authority, or serious dangers to public health or safety. This essentially protects whistleblowers and journalists' sources who expose government wrongdoing, even if they break secrecy laws to do it.