This bill expresses Congress's concern about the treatment of ethnic Mongolians in China's Inner Mongolia region and outlines what the U.S. government should do about it. The bill documents what it describes as Chinese government policies that have significantly reduced the use of the Mongolian language in schools, restricted religious practices, ended traditional nomadic herding lifestyles, and suppressed political activism and free speech among Mongolian people. It also describes cases of activists and dissidents who have been detained, imprisoned, or placed under house arrest.

In response, the bill directs the U.S. State Department to establish a dedicated team at the embassy in Beijing to monitor human rights conditions and developments in Inner Mongolia, with staff who speak Mongolian. It calls on the President to publicly condemn human rights abuses and to impose financial and travel sanctions against Chinese officials responsible for what the bill characterizes as serious human rights violations. The bill also instructs the Voice of America to create Mongolian-language radio programming and directs the Smithsonian Institution and library services to help preserve Mongolian cultural heritage. Additionally, it asks U.S. companies operating in the region to ensure their business activities don't contribute to human rights violations or environmental damage, and it directs U.S. representatives at international financial institutions to support development projects in the region only if they respect Mongolian culture and don't encourage non-Mongolians to move there.