This bill reauthorizes and expands the federal Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) program, which funds research, surveillance, and treatment efforts for people with brain injuries. The main changes extend the program's funding through 2030 (previously set to expire in 2024) and broaden its focus to better understand and help people at higher risk of brain injuries, including domestic violence survivors, assault victims, and public safety officers.

The bill requires the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to collect more detailed data about traumatic brain injuries, including information about what causes them, who is most vulnerable, and what jobs or situations put people at risk. It also mandates that this information be shared publicly on the CDC website so researchers and communities can use it to prevent injuries. Additionally, the program will now focus more on understanding the long-term effects of brain injuries, including connections to conditions like dementia and mental health problems that may develop years after an injury occurs.

The bill also makes it easier for states and American Indian tribes to participate in the program by allowing the federal government to waive up to half of the matching funds they normally need to contribute, particularly if a state or tribe lacks the resources to meet the full requirement. Within two years, the Department of Health and Human Services must report back to Congress about which populations face the highest risk of brain injuries and what gaps exist in current research and services for people living with long-term effects of these injuries.