The GUARD Act is a federal law designed to protect children from potential harms related to AI chatbots. Here's what it does in plain terms:

The law requires companies that operate AI chatbots to verify users' ages before allowing access. When someone creates an account or uses an existing one, the company must confirm whether they're an adult or a minor using reliable methods—like government ID or other commercially available verification tools. Simply having users check a box saying "I'm not a kid" doesn't count. Companies can't use shortcuts like assuming someone is an adult just because they share an internet connection with another verified adult.

Once verified, minors are completely blocked from using "AI companions"—chatbots specifically designed to simulate friendship, emotional support, or therapeutic relationships. Regular chatbots that answer questions on specific topics aren't affected by this restriction, only those designed to feel like talking to a friend or counselor. All AI chatbots, regardless of who uses them, must clearly tell users they're talking to a computer, not a human, and must do this at the start of conversations and every 30 minutes. They also can't pretend to be doctors, therapists, lawyers, or other licensed professionals.

The law makes it a federal crime to knowingly create or release chatbots designed to encourage minors to engage in sexual content or self-harm. Companies that violate these rules face civil penalties up to $100,000 per violation, and the Attorney General can take legal action to stop violations. States can also sue on behalf of their residents. The law takes effect 180 days after being signed into law.