This bill creates a new federal program called ReConnect that provides grants, loans, and combinations of both to help bring high-speed internet to rural areas that currently lack it. The program is designed to help rural communities catch up on broadband access by funding the construction and improvement of internet infrastructure.

To qualify for funding, projects must deliver internet speeds of at least 100 megabits per second (Mbps) for both downloading and uploading data. The program prioritizes areas where at least 75% of households lack access to these speeds, with extra priority given to the most underserved communities where 90% of households lack adequate broadband. Eligible applicants include state and local governments, Native American tribes, cooperatives, and private companies—though very large telecommunications companies that already serve 20% of U.S. households are limited to receiving no more than 15% of annual funding.

The bill sets aside special funding for the most disadvantaged communities, including tribal organizations, low-income areas, and counties experiencing persistent poverty, which can receive grants without having to repay the money. Other applicants may receive loans or a combination of grants and loans, and must complete their projects within five years. Recipients must also participate in federal programs that help low-income families afford internet service. The program is funded with $650 million annually from 2026 through 2030 for grants and loans, plus an additional $350 million annually for traditional loans under the existing program structure.