This bill changes how the U.S. government decides whether immigrants can enter or stay in the country based on whether they might need government assistance. Right now, immigration officials use vague standards to make these decisions, and the bill aims to create clearer, stricter rules.

Here's what it does: The bill defines "public charge" as someone who receives more than 12 months of government benefits within any 36-month period. It lists specific benefits that count, including food stamps, housing assistance, Medicaid (with some exceptions), cash assistance programs, and health insurance subsidies. The government has 180 days to publish a complete list of all benefits that could make someone inadmissible. If an immigrant is deemed likely to become a public charge, they can be denied entry or permanent status—and there's no waiver available unless Congress specifically approves one.

The bill also requires immigrants to post a "public charge bond" of at least $10,000 if officials think they might need benefits. This bond gets forfeited if the person receives public benefits within 10 years of entering the country. Additionally, sponsors who sign affidavits promising to support immigrants must now prove they earn at least 125% of the federal poverty line, though even this won't automatically protect an immigrant from being denied entry. The changes apply to all visa applications and immigration cases filed 180 days after the law takes effect.