This bill, called the Protect America Act, makes several major changes to immigration enforcement and related policies. The first major section, the 'No Sanctuary Cities Act,' ties federal funding to immigration cooperation. States and local governments that receive federal money from the Justice Department, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, or Transportation Department must now certify they don't have 'sanctuary policies' that limit cooperation with immigration authorities. This means they must share information about people's immigration status, notify federal immigration officials within 24 hours when they determine someone is in the country illegally, and honor federal detention requests. If a jurisdiction violates these rules, the federal government can recover the funding they've received—potentially going back five years. The bill also creates a new civil lawsuit option: people injured by serious violent crimes committed by removable aliens can sue sanctuary jurisdictions if those jurisdictions' policies prevented federal immigration enforcement. The bill restricts student visas for people studying in schools located in sanctuary jurisdictions. On the criminal side, the bill significantly increases penalties for illegal entry and re-entry into the United States, making first-time illegal entry a felony punishable by 1-5 years in prison (instead of current misdemeanor penalties), and re-entry after removal much more serious with 10-20 year sentences for certain categories. The bill also protects federal officers by making it illegal to use loud noises to interfere with their work, and increases penalties for assaulting federal officers. Finally, it removes tax-exempt status from nonprofits that promote, incite, or provide material support for criminal violence.