This bill creates a new requirement that Congress must explicitly approve any nuclear cooperation agreement between the United States and Saudi Arabia before it can take effect. Right now, the President can negotiate nuclear deals with other countries and they become effective after a waiting period, but this bill changes that for Saudi Arabia specifically.

The bill sets conditions that Saudi Arabia would need to meet before Congress would even consider approving such an agreement. Saudi Arabia would need to promise not to enrich uranium or reprocess nuclear material on its own territory—these are the processes that can be used to create weapons-grade nuclear material. Additionally, Saudi Arabia would need to agree to inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (the UN's nuclear watchdog). The President would have to submit a detailed report to Congress explaining whether Saudi Arabia has met these conditions.

The bill also directs the U.S. government to oppose any sales of nuclear technology to Saudi Arabia through the Nuclear Suppliers Group (an international organization that controls nuclear exports) until Saudi Arabia makes these commitments. Essentially, this is Congress saying: we don't want the U.S. helping Saudi Arabia develop nuclear capabilities unless they agree to strict safeguards that prevent weapons development.