This bill would change how Americans vote in elections for U.S. Senator and Representative by requiring all states to use ranked choice voting starting in 2030. Instead of picking just one candidate, voters would rank candidates in order of preference—first choice, second choice, third choice, and so on. The counting process works like this: first, votes go to each voter's top choice. If no candidate wins a majority, the candidate with the fewest votes gets eliminated, and those votes are redistributed to voters' second choices. This process repeats until one candidate has more votes than everyone else. States would need to allow voters to rank at least five candidates (or however many are running, whichever is fewer), and ballots must include clear instructions on how to rank candidates.

The bill eliminates separate runoff elections, which currently happen in some states when no candidate wins outright in the primary or general election. Instead, ranked choice voting determines the winner in a single election. For primary elections that use a blanket format (where all candidates appear together regardless of party), at least three candidates must advance to the general election. The federal government would provide funding to states to help pay for the changes needed—between $4 and $8 per registered voter depending on the state's costs for updating voting equipment, training election workers, and educating voters about the new system.

If a state doesn't follow these requirements, the Attorney General or any affected voter can sue in federal court to force compliance. The bill only applies to federal elections for Congress and doesn't change how states run their own local elections. This is a significant shift in how Americans would participate in democracy, designed to give voters more say in choosing their representatives and potentially reducing the influence of extreme candidates.